D&D 5e: A Beginner's Guide
For decades, Dungeons and Dragons was seen by much of the public as a niche game that found its home in the hearts of school-age outcasts as a way to spend (or waste) their time playing in fantastical worlds as a distraction from the real world around them. It was even seen, for a longer time than seems possible, as a gateway into Satanism during the height of the Satanic Panic.
However, in the past decade, D&D has fully entered the cultural zeitgeist and has become a mainstream form of entertainment in the age of Stranger Things and the ever-increasing popularity of Critical Role and other Actual Play Podcasts. There are more people playing the game than ever before as it has climbed out of the basement and into the broad daylight of kitchens, dens, breweries, and computer screens. And with more people means there are new players and New DMs (*wink*) every day.
So, I figured if you’re here and you’re new to this hobby, I’d give you a complete beginner’s rundown of Dungeons and Dragons. Take a moment to grab your sword and spell book and let's dive into this dungeon.
What is Dungeons & Dragons?
Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) is a tabletop roleplaying game (TTRPG) originally created by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson in 1974. D&D was inspired by wargames and miniature wargaming, however, Gygax and Arneson wanted to create a game that would allow players to experience the thrills of wargaming without having to use miniatures or maps.
While the game was initially slow to gain popularity, it eventually became a huge success, becoming the most popular TTRPG in the world in the ‘80s. D&D has been revised and updated several times over the years. Its popularity has waxed and waned over the years and systems. The current edition of the game is D&D 5th Edition, which was published in 2014 and there is no doubt that it is more popular than ever right now, which is likely thanks to 5e’s simplified system as well as the ease which the internet has added into finding groups and playing virtually.
Now, you may be asking, since I’ve said it multiple times here:
What’s a TTRPG?
A tabletop roleplaying game is a game where players (typically) create their own characters and go on adventures together (or sometimes solo). These characters made by the players are known, unimaginatively, as Player Characters (PCs).
The game is led by a Dungeon Master (DM) – or Game Master (GM) if it is any system other than D&D – who is responsible for creating the adventure and controlling the non-player characters (NPCs). TTRPGs can be played by any number of players, but generally, it is a group of four to six, where the players control their PCs and navigate the adventure the DM has put together (aka a Session). Over many sessions, players can explore the world, fight monsters, solve puzzles, interact with NPCs, and much more, to create a cohesive and collaborative story known as a Campaign.
While D&D is a TTRPG with core rule books, canon monsters and classes, and pre-built worlds, what it really is, at its core, is a collaborative storytelling experience where the DM and players work together to create a story. The DM creates the setting, the NPCs, and the challenges that the players face. The players then use their imaginations to decide how their characters react to these challenges and, in many situations, go to places the DM never imagined.
The stories that are created in D&D can be anything from epic quests to lighthearted adventures. They can be serious or silly, dark or delightful, but generally, they are a mix of everything, as is the way with life. The possibilities are endless.
How do I get started?
Now that you have a basic understanding of what Dungeons and Dragons is, let’s look at how to dive into the world and embark on your first adventure.
1. Gather Your Party: As much as many of us introverts wish it wasn’t so, there’s no playing D&D without first getting a group together. The easiest way to do this is to convince your friends to join you on this quest, for some people that will be easy, especially if your friends already show an interest in gaming. However, that isn’t always the case. That’s when you have to branch out.
Find a local game store, pub, or even library hosting D&D nights. Search online platforms like Roll20 and Discord for virtual gaming spaces. Join a game over on RPG Club with a professional DM and a group that will likely never miss a session since it is a paid service. Or, do what I did, and head over to Looking For Group on Reddit, you can either post what you’re looking for or scour the thousands of posts looking for a group that matches what you want (just remember to play it safe when meeting strangers, pick a public space to at least start out at).
2. Choose Your Edition: As I pointed out above, D&D has been around for a long time with many iterations. There are people who swear by each and every one (especially 3.5) for any number of reasons. I personally would suggest starting out with the 5th Edition for its accessibility and player-friendly mechanics. However, you can choose any edition that interests you with the caveat of finding the rulebooks for each.
3. Designate the DM: Without a Dungeon Master there is no Dungeons & Dragons. One person in the group is going to have to rise to the occasion and dawn the cowl of DM. If no one is stepping up, there is no better person than yourself to take the helm.
It may seem daunting to be a DM, and I won’t lie, there are times that it is, but it is also an incredibly rewarding experience and in my time being a DM I have learned more about D&D than I ever did as a player, which, in turn, has made me a better player when I do get the (rare) chance.
If the thought makes you too nervous, that is where the online D&D spaces really shine. There are countless people online who are experienced (and New) DMs who are looking to get a consistent game going.
If you do step into the DM seat, might I suggest giving my DMing Basics Guide a read?
4. Learn the Basics: In order to play D&D you have to have at least a passing knowledge of the rules of the game. The best way to learn these is to get three books: The Player’s Handbook (PHB), The Dungeon Master’s Guide (DMG), and the Monster Manual (MM). In my opinion, that is their order of importance for reading, though they all are necessary to read if you plan on playing long term.
However, as I wrote in my post about Everything You Need to Start Playing D&D, you don’t even have to purchase the books to play, you can get the free PDF of the Basic Rules from D&D Beyond. Familiarize yourself with the core rules, especially combat, skills, and character abilities. Don't worry too much though; you'll learn as you play!
5. Get The Essentials: As you learned in the history of D&D, the game was made to be able to play with almost nothing. Now, if you’ve looked into it at all, I’m sure you’ve seen all the stuff people get to make their games as visually stunning and dynamic as possible.
But, you don’t need all that. Get a basic set of polyhedral dice (d4, d6, d8, d10, d12, d20) which can be found at your local game store or online for less than $10, a pencil, an eraser, some paper, and some character sheets (which can be downloaded for free). That’s it. Everything else is frills.
6. Choose Your Adventure: Whoever takes on the role of DM will have to come up with the adventure that you will be running. While I highly suggest building your own world and own adventure (let that creativity shine), there are countless places out there to get pre-made adventure modules. These can be perfect for a New DM who is still learning the ins and outs of the game. Sign up on D&D Beyond and you get the fantastic Lost Mine of Phandelver adventure to run for your group. Or check out Dungeon Master’s Guild where there are countless free or inexpensive adventures like the ones I recently wrote about.
7. Create Your Character: While the DM is focused on the adventure, the players should be busy creating their PCs. Dig through the Player’s Handbook and let your creativity run wild! Choose a race (elf, dwarf, human, etc.), a class (wizard, rogue, warrior, etc.), and a background to define your character's story.
If it is your first time playing, I highly suggest going with a more basic build and not branching out too far as some of the more out-there builds, while incredibly fun, can be daunting and you have a better chance of misusing or completely missing your abilities. Prior to building a character, I also highly suggest checking out my guide to Creating Unforgettable Characters.
How do I Play?
You’re all set to play. Now what? Well, first you’re going to have a Session Zero.
What’s a Session Zero? As I put it in my post about How to Run a Successful Session Zero, “A Session Zero is an initial meeting before a campaign begins where the Dungeon Master and players gather to collaboratively set expectations, discuss campaign themes, establish character connections, introduce safety tools, and outline rules. It's also a great time to build excitement and camaraderie among the players, especially if you’re bringing together a group who maybe doesn’t know each other that well.” And I stand by that definition.
Now it’s time for Session One. Going into your first session will be a moment filled with excitement and probably some nervousness. Don’t be too worried, you’ve prepped yourself for it, plus, everyone should know it’s your first time, and if they’ve done it before they know how you’re feeling and should be willing to help.
However, here’s the most basic way to remember how to play the game if you get overwhelmed. Remember that dance game that was the bee’s knees in the early aughts, Dance Dance Revolution, aka DDR? Well, DDR in D&D is how the game is played Describe, Decide, Roll.
Describe: The DM describes a situation or scenario that prompts the players into action.
Decide: The players decide what actions they will take.
Roll: If any of the players’ actions require a roll, the necessary dice are rolled. The outcomes of these dice rolls are then described by the DM. Rinse and repeat.
It really is as simple as that. You could stop reading here, go and do the steps above, and start playing D&D. However, this is a guide for complete beginners, so if you want a bit more continue down below. If not, happy adventures!
While it is that simple. When it comes to the rules, there are some that are the most important to know in order to play. The rest you’ll get better at remembering over time. However, before I jump into the must-remembers, I want to share a little common D&D lingo that will help you read not only this guide, but others you check out. Plus, you’ll be using these shortened terms at the table in no time.
I’ve already started you off with DM (Dungeon Master), PC (Player Character), NPC (Non-player character), and TTRPG (Tabletop Roleplaying Game). Here are a few more:
D(X): X-sided Dice. If you are rolling a d20, that is a 20-sided die. D6 is a standard 6-sided die.
AC: Armor Class. This is a measure of how difficult it is to hit a character with an attack.
HP: Hit Points. This is a measure of a character's health.
XP: Experience Points. Points earned by characters for defeating enemies and completing quests which are used to level up.
Crit/Nat20: Critical Hit/ Natural 20. Rolling a 20 on a d20 for success.
Crit Fail/Nat 1: Critical Fail/ Natural 1. Rolling a 1 on a d20 for failure.
BBEG: Big Bad Evil Guy. This is the main villain. You’ll typically have smaller ones for each adventure and then a bigger one for the campaign.
Session: Each time you and your group get together and progress the story.
Adventure: An arc of the story you are creating at the table. An adventure can last many sessions, and you will have many adventures in your campaign.
Campaign: The entirety of your story. All of your sessions and all of your adventures are adding up to your campaign.
Homebrew: Custom content created by players or DMs, expanding beyond the official rulebooks.
TPK: Total Party Kill. A situation where the entire player party is defeated.
RAW: Rules as Written. This refers to following the game rules strictly as written in the official materials.
Railroading: When the DM forces players into a specific storyline or limits their choices. You don’t want to railroad (too much).
Metagaming: Using knowledge from outside the game to make decisions within the game. For example, a player might metagame by refusing to interact with a certain NPC because they know that the NPC is a traitor, or even worse, knowing a monster's weaknesses because you’ve read the Monster Manual and allowing your character to have that knowledge even if they wouldn’t. Metagaming can ruin the immersive experience of D&D, try your best not to do it.
Party: Let’s end on a fun one. Your party is the group you’re playing with. Make sure you have fun with your party.
Main rules to remember:
Initiative
When you enter combat the DM will say something along the lines of, “Everybody, roll initiative.” This will determine the order in which combat will play out. Everyone in the combat, including NPCs, will roll a d20, and combat will start with whoever has the highest roll + dexterity modifier, go down in order until the last person has gone, and then return to the top of the roll order.
Action Economy
The key to making the most of your character is knowing their action economy, meaning all of the actions you are allowed to take in a single turn. In D&D, each turn in an encounter takes up six seconds of in-game time. In those six seconds, you can do many things, but the most basic breakdown is Movement (M), Interaction (I), Action (A), Bonus Action (BA), and Reaction (R).
Movement: You can move a distance equal to your speed. This can be broken up into Move, (I, A, BA, R), Move if it makes sense.
Interaction: You can freely interact with objects during your turn or communicate with others in the scene. (Open a door, draw a weapon, hand an item to someone, etc.)
Action: This is your main action during your turn and is limited to one per turn (unless you have special abilities). Typically it will be attack or cast a spell, however, there are many actions listed in the PHB (Dash, Disengage, Grapple, Hide, Stabilize, etc.) Get familiar with actions as they all can come in handy in certain situations, not every action needs to be an attack.
Bonus Action: Like your Action, you get one BA per turn and it is often determined by your race, class, and/or feats you have taken.
Reaction: Reactions can be made at any time during combat, typically in response to a trigger. You get one reaction per round and they renew at the beginning of your turn. The most common is an opportunity attack if an enemy leaves your reach during their turn, however, there are many other Reactions that you can pick up along the way.
Ability Checks
Ability checks are used to determine whether or not your character succeeds at a task that is not covered by any other rules. Typical ability checks are things like Strength or Athletics checks to see if you can climb a wall, Perception to see if you happen to notice a trap or a nearby threat, Insight to recognize if someone is lying to you, or Deception to lie to someone. To make an ability check, roll a d20 and add your character's proficiency bonus (if they are proficient in the ability being checked, which you will see on your character sheet). If the result is equal to or higher than the difficulty class (DC) set by the DM, your character succeeds at the task. If the result is lower than the DC, your character fails at the task.
Saving Throws
Saving throws are used to determine whether or not your character avoids the harmful effects of a spell or other effects. You may have to make a Dexterity saving throw to jump out of the way of an object, a Constitution save to avoid poison damage from a monster’s bite, or a Wisdom saving throw to not fear a seemingly terrifying magical effect. Saving throws are dealt with in the same way as ability checks, however, your proficiencies will be different.
Attack Rolls
Attack rolls are used to determine whether or not your character hits a target with an attack and will be likely the most used roll in the game. Once again you pull out that handy D20, give it a roll, and add your character’s attack bonuses. With attacks, you are rolling against a target’s Armor Class and the rule is, meets it beats it, meaning if your roll is equal to or greater than their AC, you hit. Anything lower and you miss.
Advantage and Disadvantage
Advantage and disadvantage are two special game mechanics that can be applied to rolls. The DM will often let you know if you are rolling with either, but if you have a skill or item that gives you either, it is on you to remember and to use them. When you have advantage, you roll two d20 and take the higher result. When you have disadvantage, you roll two d20 and take the lower result.
Death Saves
You have a certain number of Hit Points, which represent your character's health. If at any point your HP reaches 0 or below, you fall unconscious and start making death saving throws each time it is your turn in initiative. You roll a d20. 10 and above is a success, and 9 and below is a failure. Three successes and you are stabilized but still unconscious. Three fails, and your character dies.
If at any point your character receives any form of health, you stop making death saves and come back to consciousness with however many points of health you received.
If you are hit while making death saves, that counts as one automatic failure.
If you roll a 1 on the die (aka a Nat 1) you take two failures.
If you roll a 20 on the die (aka a Nat 20) you become conscious and regain 1 HP.
One major thing to remember is if you are hit and the damage is more than your current HP + your max HP, you die instantly. So, if your HP max is 20 and you are down to 7 HP and an enemy hits you for 28 damage in one attack, you do not make death saves, you are dead.
What else should I know?
Outside of these basic rules the most important thing you can do, especially if you’re a player, is to know and remember your character’s abilities. The DM often has a hundred things running through their minds all at once and by making sure that you know how to run your character correctly is one way to help take away one of their spinning plates.
Things to know:
Your Spells and how they work
Know casting time, spell range, duration, damage type, and if you roll or the enemy rolls.
Remember: Spellcasters are harder to play than Martial classes because of spells, so if it seems daunting stick with Fighters, Barbarians, and Rogues to start out.
The Story (up ‘til now)
Take notes either during or post-session and do your best to remember what has happened so far. Good DMs are constantly working in player backstories and weaving back in details from earlier sessions. Nothing sucks worse as a DM than bringing back an NPC or major piece of lore from earlier in the campaign and no one knows what you’re talking about. Don’t be that player.
Your Current HP
The DM is tracking every NPC’s HP, spells, attacks, movements, etc. You can keep track of your own health.
Item Effects
Same thing goes here. If you have a +1 shield, or an amulet that makes you immune to poison, or anything like that, it is your job to remember that. You should want to anyway, it usually is to your benefit.
Status Effects
In the same vein as items, sometimes you’ll get hit by a spell and you’re blinded or stunned. Do your best to remember that, and if the DM forgets that you poisoned that monster, speak up and remind them.